Electrochemistry in Liquid Ammonia. VII. Halonitrobenzenes.

Electrochemistry in liquid ammonia. 5. Electroreduction of oxygen

Solution Phenomena in Liquid Ammonia

An extended discussion of solution phenomena in anhydrous liquid ammonia is presented. The solvent properties of ammonia for various classes of compounds is discussed in terms of its hydrogen bonding ability, moderate dielectric constant, elatively high basicity, and high dipole moment. In general, ammonia is a better solvent than water for covalent molecules, but a poor solvent for ionic speci...

Novel organic solvents for electrochemistry at the liquid/liquid interface.

Two-phase voltammetry has been carried out using a reverse cell configuration, i.e. with the lower density organic solvent on the top of the aqueous solution in the cell, where the organic solvents contain either nitrile or ketone functional groups. The transfer of tetraphenylarsonium TPAs(+), tetrabutylammonium TBA(+), tetrapropylammonium TPrA(+), and perchlorate CIO4(-) ions across these liqu...

Liquid Phase Electrochemistry at Ultralow Temperatures

Fluid electrolyte solutions based on mixtures of butyronitrile (PrCN) and ethyl chloride (EtC1) with Bu4NPF6 or Bu4NC104 as electrolyte freeze below -180~ and provide excellent media for cryogenic electrochemical experiments. A 1:2 mixture of PrCN and EtC1 exhibits the best combination of freezing point and ionic conductivity for ultralow temperature electrochemistry. Diffusion coefficients for...

Photoelectrochemical Reduction of p-Halonitrobenzenes

A detailed and comparative mechanistic study of the photoelectrochemical dehalogenation of the four p-halonitrobenzenes, X-C,H,-NO, (X = F, CI, Br, or I) in acetonitrile solution is reported. In the case of p-iodonitrobenzene, iodide loss is accomplished by electrochemical reduction alone. The formation of Iis shown to take place via an ECE process with the ultimate generation of the radical an...